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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。
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$ L3 f" C# a4 J% H- j路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-80259 n- {8 m4 C! Q0 H
这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。8 \% O1 K. C* D: f3 a; v5 J
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与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。0 N' a! c" b8 R, L; @- {
' o& S% R5 b$ D! }. v" l重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。
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2 l8 ^& ^- i w9 X. ~ r这为什么重要？& [$ [' d P1 Y
现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。
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零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。- W: @7 ^" I& q: l
- F. b2 F" D0 Q6 _更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。/ i" Q+ U9 i- L+ U( y; h6 r. [
- L; Z% v2 [$ H$ r- G如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。" H4 }% A! b$ {$ ~
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安全、架构和全局
' ^2 S- r2 w+ X0 Z0 e根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。
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4 V2 g) @+ y+ h声明内容如下：1 J) t- Q7 c7 _& g+ O7 A8 @' N& N1 k
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这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。" Y2 d# T' K4 R9 E1 l$ Z$ n
; _; q4 f. m) L0 j, X8 J5 n除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。
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! ?4 R/ d, {( s$ |0 s$ h最后想说的话
: t0 S4 Q/ |0 w, t( |EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。; ~3 ], n% i$ f: J
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。. d- c# _4 \! ^5 @; v; n
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这都是什么事？非常专业的我不懂啊 |
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这技术看着是挺厉害，但真落地了，小玩家能省不少事吧 |
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这玩意儿看着挺玄乎，不过对普通矿工来说，感觉就是验证变快了呗，省事不少 |
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