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了解在线Dubo业的历史、开拓者和现状
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. s" l1 D8 t" k在线Dubo网站的建立可追溯到20世纪90年代早期，人们当时是怎么做的呢？发展的过程中又出现了哪些代表性的人物呢？我们重点来看一下网络菠菜兴起的头几十年。& |8 c' \: T; m% w
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开拓者8 V4 E A' g$ q( p3 [5 H w
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第一批网上DC获得经营许可证是在1994年，由加勒比海地区一个小的岛国——安提瓜和巴布达——颁发，而这得益于《自由贸易和加工区法》的通过。当时这一举措并没有引起关注，但从今天看来，却是非常具有长远眼光的。: i9 E& ?* Y6 P! ^
/ x! F9 G! B* D8 M0 j* e' `著名的软件开发公司Microgaming也是在同年创立，虽然起初的规模很小，但它专注于互联网菠菜软件的开发，获得了快速的发展，现在已成为许多龙头DC和菠菜网站的软件供应商。
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0 ^0 S- x+ K; ]. v5 {4 |InterCasino是现存历史最悠久的网上DC之一, 建立于1996年，不过据说在这两年之前，其它一些DC就已开始运营，其中The Gaming Club就是由刚刚创立的Microgaming提供技术支持，获得了直布罗陀地方ZF颁发的经营许可证，同时受其法律约束。
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u0 H& h0 \0 Y8 r全球监管
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, J, ]6 I( J( h# R随着在线Dubo越来越受欢迎，加拿大人首先意识到了建立全球监管机制的重要性，于1996年成立了卡拉威客搏彩委员会，通过制定法律来保证许可运营商依照法律法规办事，并肩负起安全和可靠的责任。- f# B$ W: H" U: W. r1 V# z; A
% g, g7 ]& j, p在互联网从早期的拨号和槽连接转变为现在的电缆和数字用户线路过程中，在线Dubo也是借势发力，取得了不俗的表现，到1998年的时候，全世界在线菠菜业的收入已经达到了$8.34亿，随后不久更是突破了10亿美元的大关，并一直保持着上扬的势头。- I/ W Z. r, u" r8 l" b
# H) d4 C; h, t技术的转变: `1 E1 \* S; h2 b- h R5 u% l2 T
/ K! h8 O% ?* c% s8 {- w; ?从上世纪90年代末到21世纪初期，涌现出许多最成功的公司，它们的一个共同特征是，全都在陆基技术方面取得进步，其中就包括Interops，这家在线体育菠菜公司从1983年开始接受电话投注，因而1996年非常轻松地就跨进了互联网的世界。; m' }( C1 k( _7 H
: f+ H5 A) M( F9 v2 q' X6 H7 f到1998的时候，包括Party Poker和PokerStars在内的许多大的在线扑克公司开始崭露头角，其中Party Poker的母公司Party Gaming更是在2005年成为首批在伦敦股票交易所上市的菠菜运营企业。
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9 E1 Y) ^5 e4 i& V法律抗争3 \9 G. M) |/ I8 P, s& F
7 q4 _' \& \& @1 J0 _% ?
一些国家为搭上互联网这趟顺风车，展开了艰难的法律抗争，其中美国就是一个重要的阵地，联邦议员通过了一项禁令法案，使得在线Dubo在整个美国都没有立足之地，不过，在司法部作出允许内华达和新泽西等州拥有相关立法权的裁决之后，情况正渐渐好转，同时，联邦方面也把一些改革事项提上了日程。1 B- p- M$ J5 H' h
2 j, f7 L& Z! |3 o. m3 Y而欧洲对于在线Dubo的态度要开放得多，欧盟仅要求大多数成员国在使用海外菠菜网站方面也能遵循自由竞争的原则，至于世界上的其他地区，它们对这一产业的未来同样满怀憧憬，并积极付诸实践。
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