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本帖最后由 版主10 于 2015-2-10 13:15 编辑
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! y* A5 O0 T4 s网球大满贯
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网球(tennis)是一项优美而激烈的运动,网球运动的由来和发展可以用四句话来概括:孕育在法国,诞生在英国,开始普及和形成高潮在美国,盛行全世界,被称为世界第二大球类运动。* k/ y7 s2 A. n2 |2 w4 g$ ^
2 L L, g3 }# n 现代网球运动的历史一般是从1873年开始的。那年,英国人沃尔特·克洛普顿·温菲尔德将早期的网球打法加以改进,使之成为夏天在草坪上进行的一种体育活动,并取名“草地网球”。同年还出版了一本以《草地网球》为题的小册子,对这种活动进行宣传和推广。所以温菲尔德被称为“近代网球的创始人”。此后网球便成为一项室内、户外都能进行的体育项目。同时在英国各地建立网球运动俱乐部。1875年又建立了全英网球运动俱乐部。这个俱乐部建造了世界上的第一个网球场地,并于1877年举办了全英草地网球男子单打锦标赛,即后来闻名于世的温布尔登网球赛。网球运动的广泛开展和比赛活动的日益频繁,没有统一的规则当然是不行的。于是在1876年,由一些地区的著名网球运动俱乐部派出代表,一起开会研究和讨论制定一个全英统一的网球规则。经过多次协商,各方代表终于对网球运动的场地、设备、打法和比赛等方面取得了一致的意见,并形成了一个统一的规则。大约在1878年以后,英国大多数网球俱乐部都逐渐按照新的打法开展活动,进行训练和比赛。 C4 E1 Q. P$ G' d+ Z8 Q* q
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大满贯(Grand Slam)是网球运动中的顶级赛事,运动员把获得大满贯冠军视作至高荣誉。按照一年中开赛的先后顺序,网球四大满贯依次为:
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一、澳大利亚网球公开赛9 l$ ^5 {) c0 X! p* }# [: f
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二、法国网球公开赛" [8 a% y/ k# [1 _6 z' V
1 J5 ]8 _% l2 @2 c n三、温布尔登网球公开赛
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四、美国网球公开赛. {! E8 L: W: _% A" j ~
6 c u; `8 N0 A8 o! a/ D) d9 @- v 无论是从赛事的规模、历史、奖金、积分和影响力来说,大满贯系列赛都堪称职业网坛最重要的赛事。所以,夺得大满贯头衔对每个职业网球选手来说都是最终的梦想,为至高无上的荣耀。$ E. L1 r% w$ m4 y: I" A; v
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全满贯是指一位选手获得全部四大满贯的冠军,金满贯是在大满贯的基础上再获得奥运会网球项目的金牌。
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) ], Z8 E0 s+ m7 D. B. V# A3-历史8 ?+ R" E1 @( c8 v: P+ M
英文中,大满贯Grand Slam 一词首次使用是在1933年。当时,一位名叫约翰·基兰(John Kieran)的美国记者在描述杰克·克劳福德(Jack Crawford)立志在当年夺取前面所说的四项赛事的冠军的雄心壮志时,将其比喻成“a countered and vulnerable grand slam in bridge”。遗憾的是,克劳福德在当年的美国锦标赛决赛中输给了弗雷德·佩里(Fred Perry),未能如愿。直到1938年,才由唐纳德·布吉(Donald Budge)成为历史上首位大满贯得主。6 n& S0 @+ q# J6 ?: R$ F u$ T3 {0 A
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尽管大满贯一词最初只是使用在网球运动上,后来也逐渐为其它运动所采用,用于形容选手取得的类似成就。比较典型的例如高尔夫,大满贯同样是指选手在一年里同时获得四项主要赛事的冠军。# M. o2 [5 l8 U! u
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