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[体育] 为什么足球不像篮球一样可以无限次换人?
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重点我想,应该是“无限”。首先说足球和篮球的职业运动的起源,足球职业联赛最早起源于工薪阶层,对于竞技要求高。而我们现在看到的NBA主要是指合并了NBL的现代篮球职业联赛,更多面向美国中产阶层。NBL最开始其实类似于表演赛,NBA此后也带有观赏性更强的目的,比如现在我们看到的各种赛前表演,暂停时的拉拉队之类。


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这两个区别影响了职业联赛后来的发展,足球蓬勃发展的时候,是没有电视转播的,绝大多数球迷在现场看球,这样就直接导致足球职业联赛发展初期就强调竞技和流畅度。从而比赛不停表,有利于进攻则不吹犯规,停球时补牌等这些规则逐渐形成。篮球则由于其更强调表演和感官刺激,所以在流畅度的追求上则并不严苛,甚至暂停的时候,球迷其实也不乏味,现场是还有各种花样表演的。(之所以很多人觉得枯燥,主要还是电视转播切掉了这些画面放广告去了)


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现在则是关键的地方了: 因为强调流畅,比赛不停表,换人也不停表,所以换人这个规则在此基础上是不可能完全放开的。频繁换人会造成比赛极度不流畅,甚至严重占用比赛时间,两场不同职业联赛可能实际比赛时间相差巨大,致使比赛时间方差极大,这与足球追求流畅和竞技的原则相悖。

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而NBA则强调观赏性和表演性(其实就是商业),给足球员的调整时间,给足教练布置战术的时间,恰恰是符合其根本的。


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比如克鲁伊夫的全攻全守,宇宙巴萨的tiki taka,甚至站位都是一种战术,比如圣诞树,4231,贝肯鲍尔时期的3331(贝肯鲍尔是那个自由的1),都是足球的趣味所在。

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这跟篮球是不一样的竞技哲学。而轮换有限的人数,则既考究战术的选择,也考验应变调整能力,(比如范2今年世界杯对阵哥斯达黎加时的换门将被评为神换人,他也因此广泛获赞世界杯最佳教练。)准许轮换人数太少,可变化的效果就少了,人数轮换太多,则场面就太混乱了。因此2-5人的轮换是比较理想的,事实上,三人轮换是从1970年才开始的。


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足球有其足球的魅力所在,即使0:0很多比赛也不闷。篮球也有其特有的魅力所在,绝杀球永远都是热议的话题。两种竞技的哲学不同,产生的规则便不同。


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