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炎炎夏日，是盛产水果的黄金时节，进入7月，水果价格将持续走低。吃什么水果最好呢？营养免疫学专家认为，每一种水果的营养价值和药用价值各不相同，如果在夏天有针对性地食用水果，可以达到滋养的作用。但是如果不了解自己的体质和水果的属性，进食不当，也会得“水果病”。 4 n4 n( ]3 M0 _5 e6 r& S. V
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每到夏季，因进食水果不当来到医院看病的人，男女老少均有。所以，吃水果也要当心。! N& S1 w @% ^; q2 t. {% @
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水果的属性3 D6 ?: g- ~; k* S8 P4 h
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水果一般可以分为寒凉、温热、甘平3类。寒凉类水果有柑、橘、菱、荸荠、香蕉、雪梨、柿子、西瓜等，体质虚寒的人慎食。温热类水果有枣、栗、桃、杏、龙眼、荔枝、葡萄、樱桃、石榴、菠萝等，体质燥热的人食用要适量。甘平类水果有梅、李、椰、枇杷、山楂、苹果等，这类水果适宜于各种体质的人。 6 C8 b% U8 |! l& G; u. W% b
/ M# t( S. N; X% v' {+ f& g. y% q8 w# A 酸性水果不宜多吃5 M/ J8 b- d1 E6 x( \
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酸性水果如杨梅、梅子、李子等，所含的酸性物质不易被氧化分解，容易导致体内偏酸，一般不宜多吃；酸性水果中含单宁酸，与海味同食会与蛋白质凝固，沉淀于肠道内，引起呕吐、腹痛腹泻和消化不良；而且水果中的酸味会同胃酸一起刺激胃黏膜，溃疡病患者也不宜吃酸性水果；同时便秘的人也应少吃酸性水果，以免加重便秘。: v+ u7 W* A0 A4 q* p# P
1 d* }" {( w( d, d6 e8 T! ` 不能空腹吃的水果1 j7 b6 @8 o; h7 Y
z) E0 H7 z6 k1 f1 B 西红柿、柿子、橘子、山楂、香蕉、杏仁等都不能空腹吃。因为西红柿中含果胶、杭胶酚、可容性收敛剂等，如果空腹吃，就会与胃酸相结合而使胃内压力升高引起胀痛；柿子所含鞣质与胃酸凝结则形成“柿石”，同时患有胆结石、肾结石的病人吃柿子也要慎重，以免导致病情恶化；橘子中含大量糖分和有机酸，空腹食之则易产生胃胀、呃酸；山楂味酸，空腹食之则产生胃中嘈杂如饥甚至疼痛；香蕉中的钾、镁含量较高，空腹吃香蕉，使血中镁量升高而对心血管产生抑制作用。杏仁不能空腹吃，也不能在吃了肉类和淀粉食物后吃，这有可能引起胃肠功能紊乱。7 U0 h% ~ }& f/ w; F5 ~* V
* d5 y, a3 ]: S% U. U. Q 常见果品怎么吃- D u7 E: W1 i8 e! z4 t4 C
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葡萄，最好在摘下两天之后再食用，因为刚摘下的葡萄会在小肠中产生大量气体。葡萄皮的内膜上富有丰富的营养，但是皮和核还是不吃为妙，它们很难消化，也容易胀气。
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/ F8 |, o; M! |, G& a, |4 B 椰子，味甘，有益气杀虫的功效。椰汁离开椰壳味道则变，上午倒出的椰汁较甜，下午较淡。体内热盛的人不宜常吃椰子。如果你长期睡眠不佳，爱吃煎炸食物，容易发脾气或口干舌燥的话，切记不要多吃椰子。
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西瓜，夏季消暑良品，但是糖尿病患者和易胀气的人禁吃西瓜。西瓜和许多含糖量高的水果是在肠内而不是在胃里消化的。因此当西瓜与那些需要用唾液和胃进行消化的食品一起食用时，西瓜就会在胃中很快被分解，然后开始发酵并形成气体，使人感到胃胀不舒服。由于上述原因，西瓜应当与其他食品分开吃、空腹吃或者食用其他食品两个小时后再吃。
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+ n y% H* d: ~% u 香蕉，畏寒体弱和胃虚的人不适宜于吃香蕉。因为香蕉在胃肠中消化得很慢，对胆囊不好。 w% D/ q" B0 ]6 L
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橘子，味甘酸，性凉。有理气润肺、醒酒止痢的功效。橘子可以化湿去痰、解毒止咳、治疗腰痛等症。但“阴常不足，阳常有余”的人应少吃，以免“上焦火盛”。 ( m1 _" Q9 A4 N! J
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苹果，色泽美艳，芳香脆甜，中医认为苹果性平，有补心润肺、生津解毒、益气和胃、醒酒平肝的神效。但是由于果糖和果酸较多，对牙齿有较强的腐蚀作用，吃后最好及时漱口刷牙。
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4 F8 y; S9 r5 `, k Z2 D# a) F 石榴，果肉晶莹艳丽，甘酸生津。中医认为石榴性温涩，润燥兼收敛，主治咽喉燥渴，可止渴生津、涩肠止泻、固肾收敛。但吃多容易伤齿，生痰。 6 _1 A1 T# S, r H, e
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菠萝，味甘酸、性平，对肾炎水肿、高血压、支气管炎有疗效。但临床上发现有些人吃菠萝后会引起过敏，俗称“菠萝病”或“菠萝中毒”，在食用15分钟至1小时左右即出现腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻，同时出现过敏症状，头疼、头昏、皮肤潮红、全身发紫、四肢及口舌发麻；严重的会突然晕倒，甚至会出现休克等症状，因此有菠萝过敏史者忌食。 . Y( q+ e }, R5 G3 X2 k
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荔枝，可补脑健身，通身益智。有诗云：“日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人。”其实不然，荔枝一次不能多吃，多吃可导致上火，引起体内糖代谢紊乱，造成“荔枝病”(即低血糖)。轻者恶心、出汗、口渴、无力，重则头晕、昏迷等。因此荔枝不能多吃，尤其是儿童不宜大量食用。荔枝上市的时候，因多吃荔枝上火而导致发烧、口腔溃疡、便秘 、牙痛的病人更是多见。 : N! N- I+ ^' x1 f6 c0 V% L* q1 T
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芒果，果肉金黄甘美多汁，香气诱人，益胃止吐。果皮可治湿疹皮炎。但不要与辛辣之物同吃，多吃对人的肾脏有害。
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柚子，含类胰岛素、维生素、尼克酸、糖类、钙、铁、磷、脂类等。味甘酸、性寒。可下气、消炎、化食醒酒，有独特的降血糖功效。 5 v7 [' u, L# y o) W/ r# y
7 d0 o/ C# E. X: L+ V! t& b1 U 李子，美味多汁，清肝热、活血脉，有美颜乌发的神效。李子多食生痰，损坏牙齿，体质虚弱的人宜少食。根据前人经验，如李子味苦涩或放入水中漂浮者为有毒，不宜食之。
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