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[虚拟币交流]
SEC主席仍坚持：绝大部分的加密货币实际上是证券（转载）
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美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席Gary Gensler在近两个月历经两大加密领域诉讼–瑞波
8 J9 d4 {8 y8 b$ m(Ripple)和灰度(Grayscale)的重大败诉挫折后，仍坚定地认为他所领导的SEC应是加密货币产业的主管机关，并计9 h3 G. u( D8 r$ G& \
划在美东时间12日再次于国会听证会上传达他一贯的观点。( [7 \- I: o- B* L# _8 J, N
据《Cointelegraph》引用提前获得消息报导，Gary Gensler在即将召开的参议院银行委员会听证会中所准备的$ t( ^* g+ J% X1 W- e, E5 \5 t
书面证词中重申：「绝大部分的加密资产实际上是证券，应由SEC主责监管」。他在证词中写道：「鉴于加密产业8 N5 R) L% ~5 L& y" F) W
广泛存在不遵守证券法的情况，我们在这些市场中看到许多问题也就不足为奇了。我们以前看过这个故事，这让
7 J, a1 U5 t+ q4 D$ s& b人想起20年代联邦证券法实施之前的情况。加密资产证券市场没有任何迹象表明，投资者和发行人不值得受到联
! l6 q; Z# @( l1 B) ?+ W邦证券法的保护。」" d8 m( l7 f) U! ]
SEC主席：绝大多数加密代币可能皆符合豪威测试
6 h7 K3 r4 s* J* B, x' W自认为是加密货币监管主宰者的Gensler将再度向国会传达他一致的立场，认为不需要修改美国联邦证券法来适应4 ]$ ^& x) s7 Y; ?( G/ E" s0 u( ~" I
加密货币，断言「几乎所有加密资产都符合豪威测试(Howey Test)」，这是一项决定特定资产或交易是否构成证
' `. L, K6 ^ P& G" p& W8 N券发行的定性标准。' U \) \& D" x" E& s. Z; C r
“国会在证券的定义中列出了一长串30多个项目，其中包括「投资合约」一词。正如我之前所说，在不预先判断" M) b- G/ z$ Y' Q3 W( w2 c! u9 g1 V
任何一种代币的情况下，绝大多数加密代币可能都符合投资合约测试。鉴于大多数加密代币都受到证券法的约! w( Z7 H }) j& s7 R) |
束，因此大多数加密中介机构也必须遵守证券法。”
* A0 H: ~7 G8 k% R0 U7 P瑞波案吃鳖，SEC不服法官裁决提「中间上诉」5 k* Z# F m( A& F5 E8 A5 e
值得一提的是，SEC七月在加密货币领域面临首次重大败诉，法官Analisa Torres在简易判决中做出了部分有利于
2 w0 f9 r, w- x+ H. N; u瑞波公司的裁决，认定交易所向散户贩售XRP并不构成投资合约、不属于证券，这被广泛视为加密货币产业的胜; T+ Z2 u- X4 E3 c! b, ^; I
利。
" ?0 O" n: V& x# b尽管SEC律师此前直指Ripple关于交易所的散户销售部分判决有误，Torres法官的裁决对豪威测试「增加了毫无根
& c. I% q& a6 u2 j# d6 R据的主观标准」，并正式在8月就瑞波案的裁决向法官提出「中间上诉」的要求，Torres法官随后在8月18日批准
% C" B$ S* M J& B6 F3 r了SEC针对瑞波案提交中间上诉的请求。
0 c, C* a% r3 ~0 n4 w瑞波公司已在本月初向法院提出动议，要求法官驳回SEC中间上诉的请求，称不存在中间上诉所需的特殊情况，并
b( W: q+ j8 P& N* x+ O酸SEC提出中间上诉仅仅是对法官将XRP向散户的销售判定为不符合证券定义而感到不满。
" w$ V3 ~' P& c- [# P0 h8 q6 }% a目前SEC仍未正式赢得中间上诉的动议，此前有法律专家对此看衰称「通常中间上诉仅特殊情况才会允许」，另外
* M! \' y6 v1 d5 [& t0 |+ q& {: `法官也计划于2024年Q2进行Ripple案的陪审团审判。
% X7 N- S8 |( P; H9 r V0 P, f- O
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