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[体育菠菜玩法规则] 冬季奥运会-钢架雪车
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; t' L9 {+ o$ `6 G& W" Q8 L  钢架雪车(Skeleton)又称无舵雪车、俯式冰撬,是在传统的雪车的基础上延伸出来的一种运动项目。' R# d) E2 g; m! E
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  钢架雪车在19世纪发源于瑞士山区的小城圣莫里茨,有可能是第一项滑溜项目。第一次的钢架雪车比赛在1884年举行,参赛者是在结冰的道路上举行比賽,从圣莫里茨滑到塞勒里那,获胜者得到一瓶香槟当做奖赏。1887年开始出现类似现在这种俯卧式的雪车姿势,1892年正式定名为Skeleton,因为这种雪车的造形类似人体的骨架,也称骨架雪车。1 P$ N9 s# n2 |" {& ~
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  钢架雪车项目曾于1928年瑞士圣莫里茨奥运会上进行过比赛,分为男、女各一项比赛。直到20年之后,圣莫里茨再度举办冬奥会,又把钢架雪车列入比赛项目。可是钢架雪车项目因危险性较高,因此1948年冬奥会之后,又被取消,从此中断了在奥会比赛项目的历史,直到2002年的盐湖城冬奥会,才又再度成为冬奥会的比赛项目。前两届的比赛,只有男子组,盐湖城冬奥会加进了女子组的比赛。
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8 G6 G7 q9 M) m6 I7 b, j  钢架雪车比赛规则
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  钢架雪车比赛所用的赛道与雪橇相同,不同的是雪橇和滑行的姿势,雪橇是选手仰躺在雪橇上,脚在前头在后,而钢架雪车则相反,选手俯身躺在学车上,头朝前脚在后。
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  出发时选手排列在起点等候,依照出发顺序出发。出发的信号灯亮起之后,选手必须在30秒内完成出发动作。出发时选手必须将雪车推向前,加速之后迅速登上雪车完成比赛,出发动作必须宣布由选手自行完成,不得借助他人之力。
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/ L& H! O' Y7 y5 Y  钢架雪车规定只能以俯卧式进行,选手的肚子贴在雪车上的姿势才被允许。中途允许掉落雪车,但在通过终点时,选手必须在雪车上才算完成比赛。
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) ]- ^2 ~) C7 A6 z  比赛在同一天进行两轮,两轮成绩相加排列名次,如果选手成绩相同,名次可以并列。第一轮出发顺序抽签决定,第一轮成绩最好的20名男选手和12名女选手晋级第二轮,第二轮出发顺序是以第一轮的成绩为依据,成绩最好的最后一个出发。8 j# J& P& K$ ]/ s

+ I/ R3 ?  ~2 c/ w  钢架雪车器材
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, E' n9 g( j5 c7 K4 t  钢架雪车最初是以金属制作的,现在多为玻璃纤维和金属合成品,比赛中两轮必须使用同一辆雪车,如果在比赛中雪车损毁,可以借用雪车比赛,但必须报准后方可使用。雪车长度在80-120厘米,高度为8-20厘米。
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) {1 B" G: [# [1 R  M' X  男子比赛使用的钢架雪车,规定重量不得超过43公斤,雪车和选手加起来重量不得超过115公斤。如果雪车和选手加起来重量超过115公斤的话,雪车重量不得少于33公斤。. z0 S9 e. e3 @- ~  i) c3 j+ I

$ v* ]  {% }5 l) {) f$ G; w  女子比赛中,雪车不得超过35公斤,雪车和选手加起来重量不得超过92公斤,如果雪车和选手加起来重量超过92公斤,那么雪车不得少于29公斤。
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  如果重量不足,可以在雪车上增加重物,但不得在选手身上放置重物。雪车与地面解除的雪板部分,必须以刚才制成,上面不能有任何涂装。在比赛前选手将雪车送到起点,经检查之后,到比赛时学和雪板温度与送去时的温差不得超多4度。' ]) E: n- G. |5 S8 C

. }$ K# e- J3 E1 ?  选手的雪靴最多可以用8支长钉,每个不得超过7厘米,所有参赛选手必须佩戴全罩式安全帽,以维护颈部以上的安全。4 p3 G: x0 S" \, p; k5 E/ p! O# `
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:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
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:loveliness: :funk: :curse: :dizzy: :shutup: :sleepy:
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:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
:P :$ ;P :L :Q :lol
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:hug: :victory:
:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
:P :$ ;P :L :Q :lol
:loveliness: :funk: :curse: :dizzy: :shutup: :sleepy:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
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