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3 V }( k) e. W) b, y# p网球大满贯
' }, ]: D3 r' M$ f! k; V1-概况
2 v! c& e4 ~( `2 z( { 网球（tennis）是一项优美而激烈的运动，网球运动的由来和发展可以用四句话来概括：孕育在法国，诞生在英国，开始普及和形成高潮在美国，盛行全世界，被称为世界第二大球类运动。* A |8 ]! w5 \* a
$ Y3 F% M4 r" L2 d- @3 n 现代网球运动的历史一般是从1873年开始的。那年，英国人沃尔特·克洛普顿·温菲尔德将早期的网球打法加以改进，使之成为夏天在草坪上进行的一种体育活动，并取名“草地网球”。同年还出版了一本以《草地网球》为题的小册子，对这种活动进行宣传和推广。所以温菲尔德被称为“近代网球的创始人”。此后网球便成为一项室内、户外都能进行的体育项目。同时在英国各地建立网球运动俱乐部。1875年又建立了全英网球运动俱乐部。这个俱乐部建造了世界上的第一个网球场地，并于1877年举办了全英草地网球男子单打锦标赛，即后来闻名于世的温布尔登网球赛。网球运动的广泛开展和比赛活动的日益频繁，没有统一的规则当然是不行的。于是在1876年，由一些地区的著名网球运动俱乐部派出代表，一起开会研究和讨论制定一个全英统一的网球规则。经过多次协商，各方代表终于对网球运动的场地、设备、打法和比赛等方面取得了一致的意见，并形成了一个统一的规则。大约在1878年以后，英国大多数网球俱乐部都逐渐按照新的打法开展活动，进行训练和比赛。
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大满贯（Grand Slam）是网球运动中的顶级赛事，运动员把获得大满贯冠军视作至高荣誉。按照一年中开赛的先后顺序，网球四大满贯依次为：: q1 Y3 B" [: a0 P$ ?
; h$ c. u, H& |4 a K' X, O9 h一、澳大利亚网球公开赛
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! H' j8 E( ^6 q: ?) h二、法国网球公开赛
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三、温布尔登网球公开赛
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, F$ X, W3 Q9 |四、美国网球公开赛
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无论是从赛事的规模、历史、奖金、积分和影响力来说，大满贯系列赛都堪称职业网坛最重要的赛事。所以，夺得大满贯头衔对每个职业网球选手来说都是最终的梦想，为至高无上的荣耀。3 L* [/ U8 Q/ C
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全满贯是指一位选手获得全部四大满贯的冠军，金满贯是在大满贯的基础上再获得奥运会网球项目的金牌。9 W& Q4 F& v3 X/ o( n% b- z8 q
: m* C* p& t: T) q4 c3-历史' ^/ D, `: m$ u; h" O; a( \
英文中，大满贯Grand Slam 一词首次使用是在1933年。当时，一位名叫约翰·基兰（John Kieran）的美国记者在描述杰克·克劳福德（Jack Crawford）立志在当年夺取前面所说的四项赛事的冠军的雄心壮志时，将其比喻成“a countered and vulnerable grand slam in bridge”。遗憾的是，克劳福德在当年的美国锦标赛决赛中输给了弗雷德·佩里（Fred Perry），未能如愿。直到1938年，才由唐纳德·布吉（Donald Budge）成为历史上首位大满贯得主。; D+ G& H1 u7 [* }" H3 C" y* k
% @+ L9 z. V0 `$ ?: q; b 尽管大满贯一词最初只是使用在网球运动上，后来也逐渐为其它运动所采用，用于形容选手取得的类似成就。比较典型的例如高尔夫，大满贯同样是指选手在一年里同时获得四项主要赛事的冠军。
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